米诺斯文明
米诺斯文明
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米诺斯文明,克里特州的青铜时代文明,从大约公元前3000年发展到大约公元前1100年。它的名字来自米诺斯,是朝代的称号,还是克里特岛特定统治者的名字,克里特岛在希腊传说中占有一席之地。

爱琴海文明

克里特岛(Krete)曾被称为米诺斯(Minoan),以传说中的克诺索斯国王米诺斯(Knossos)为例,该国王自古以来就是该岛的主要城市。

接下来是对米诺斯文明的简要介绍。有关完整的治疗方法,请参见爱琴海文明。

克里特岛成为爱琴海青铜时代文化的最主要场所,实际上,它是该地区第一个高度文明的中心,始于公元前3世纪末。米诺斯文明在大约公元前1600年和15世纪后期达到鼎盛时期,以其宏伟的城市和宫殿,在整个黎凡特及其他地区的广泛贸易以及书写方式而著称。其精致的艺术品包括精美的印章,陶器(尤其是著名的Kamáres瓷器,具有浅色和深色的装饰风格),尤其是在宫殿墙壁上发现的精美动感壁画。这些壁画展示了世俗和宗教场景,例如魔法花园,猴子和野山羊或穿着奇装异服的女神,这证明了米诺斯人主要是母系宗教。米诺斯人最熟悉的图案包括蛇,女神的象征和公牛。例如,在崇拜的花瓶上发现的斗牛仪式似乎具有宗教或魔术基础。

By about 1580 bce Minoan civilization began to spread across the Aegean to neighbouring islands and to the mainland of Greece. Minoan cultural influence was reflected in the Mycenean culture of the mainland, which began to spread throughout the Aegean about 1500 bce.

By the middle of the 15th century the palace culture on Crete was destroyed by conquerors from the mainland. They established a new order on Crete, with centres at Knossos and Phaistos. Following the conquest, the island experienced a wonderful fusion of Cretan and mainland skills. The Late Minoan period (c. 1400–c. 1100 bce), however, was a time of marked decline in both economic power and aesthetic achievement.