印度拉吉吉山丘陵
印度拉吉吉山丘陵
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拉吉吉山Rajgir Hills),中央比哈尔邦状态的小被隔绝的山地地区,东北印度。这些山丘以其优美的风景而闻名,是印度教徒,佛教徒和Ja那教徒的历史和宗教中心。

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由大量石英岩组成的地层从南比哈尔平原急剧上升。这些山丘在两条大致平行的山脊中向东南-西南方向延伸了约40英里(65公里),这些山脊包围了东北部一个狭窄的峡谷,并逐渐向西南方向开放。他们的山顶就像平坦的森林小岛,周围没有冲积的低地。丘陵在某一点上升到海拔1,272英尺(388米)的高度,但总的来说,它们很少超过1,000英尺(300米)。

在拉吉尔镇以南,平行山脊之间的山谷包含拉贾格里哈(“皇家住所”)的遗址,据说这是印度史诗般的摩Mah婆罗多(Mahabharata)传奇的玛加达皇帝贾拉桑达(Jarasandha)的住所。外部防御工事可以追溯到丘陵的山顶超过25英里(40公里);它们厚17.5英尺(约5米),由没有砂浆的大量裸露石头建造。这些被破坏的墙壁通常可以追溯到公元前6世纪,尽管人们认为该区域在此之前已经占据了几个世纪。著名的比姆比萨拉国王(约公元前520年至491年)首都新拉贾格里哈的遗骸位于山谷以北。

In addition to their significance to Hinduism, the Rajgir Hills contain important Buddhist and Jaina pilgrimage sites. They are especially associated with the life of the Buddha Gautama, who often taught there. Chhatagiri is the former Gridhrakuta, or Vulture’s Peak, which was one of his favourite retreats. One of the towers on Baibhar Hill (Vaibharagiri) has been identified as the Pippala stone house in which the Buddha lived. Sattapanni cave, which has been identified with a number of sites on Baibhar Hill and with the Sonbhandar cave at its foot, was the site of the first Buddhist synod (543 bce) to record the tenets of the faith. The Sonbhandar cave is now believed to have been excavated by the Jains in the 3rd or 4th century ce. In the valley’s centre, excavations at the Maniyar Math site have revealed a circular shrine associated with the worship of Mani-naga, a serpent deity of the Mahabharata. Several modern Jaina temples lie on the hills around the valley. There are also hot springs in the valleys, surrounded by Hindu shrines.