Henrietta Lacks，néeLoretta Pleasant，（出生于1920年8月1日，美国弗吉尼亚州罗阿诺克，1951年10月4日去世，死于马里兰州的巴尔的摩）。取得了许多重要的科学进展。
测验
美国著名面孔：事实还是虚构？
克拉伦斯·达罗（Clarence Darrow）是一位著名的19世纪检察官。
母亲于1924年在分娩中去世后，父亲带着10个孩子搬到弗吉尼亚州的三叶草，在那里他把他们分给要抚养的亲戚。因此，亨丽埃塔（Henrietta）由她的祖父抚养长大，她的祖父也在照顾另一个孙子，亨丽埃塔（Henrietta）的表弟大卫（Day）。亨丽埃塔（Henrietta）和戴（Day）于1941年4月10日结婚。在堂兄的鼓励下，戴（Day）很快北移到马里兰州，在伯利恒钢铁（Bethlehem Steel）的Sparrows Point钢铁厂工作，随着第二次世界大战带来的需求迅速增长。此后不久，亨利埃塔（Henrietta）和这对夫妇的孩子在马里兰州特纳车站（Turner Station）的戴纳（Dayer）居住，该社区是巴尔的摩市郊的一个社区，许多非洲裔美国钢铁工人都居住在该社区。
Before her fifth pregnancy, Henrietta had sensed a “knot” inside her, and worrisome bleeding and evidence of a lump on her cervix several months after giving birth finally sent Henrietta to her doctor. She was referred to the gynecology department at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, where in February 1951 a biopsy indicated the presence of a cervical tumour that had been undetected by doctors both at the birth of her son on September 19, 1950, and at a follow-up examination six weeks later.
After further tests, Henrietta received the first of several radium treatments, the standard of care for the day, which involved stitching small glass tubes of the radioactive metal secured in fabric pouches—called Brack plaques—to the cervix. While performing the procedure, the surgeon extracted two small tissue samples: one from Henrietta’s tumour and one from healthy cervical tissue close by. The samples from Henrietta’s cervix were among many extracted for physician George Gey, the head of tissue culture research at Johns Hopkins, who was searching for an “immortal” cell line for use in cancer research. Unlike previous samples, Henrietta’s cancerous cells—called HeLa, from Henrietta Lacks—not only survived but also multiplied at an extraordinary rate. Henrietta herself was unaware that any sample had been taken; at that time it was not uncommon to study patients and their tissues without their knowledge or consent (see Tuskegee syphilis study).
While her cells thrived, Henrietta declined. By September the cancer had spread throughout her body, and early the following month Henrietta died. However, the HeLa cells, famed for their longevity,continued to thrive in culture long after Henrietta’s death. HeLa became a ubiquitous study material, contributing to the development of drugs for numerous ailments, including polio, Parkinson disease, and leukemia. In spite of this, until the 1970s Henrietta’s role was unknown even to her family. In the 21st century Henrietta’s case was an important component in the debate surrounding informed consent from patients for the extraction and use of cells in research. In 2013 the National Institutes of Health (NIH) granted the Lacks family control over how data on the HeLa cell genome would be used (the genome of a HeLa cell line had been sequenced in full earlier that year). Two members of the Lacks family formed part of the NIH’s HeLa Genome Data Access working group, which reviewed researchers’ applications for access to the HeLa sequence information.
