斯潘塞·特雷西（Spencer Tracy），完整的斯宾塞·特里·文德（Spencer Bonaventure Tracy）（出生于1900年4月5日，美国威斯康星州密尔沃基，1967年6月10日去世，死于加利福尼亚州比佛利山庄），这位粗暴的美国电影明星，是好莱坞最伟大的男主角之一，也是第一位连续两次获得奥斯卡最佳男主角奖。
测验
电影学院：事实还是虚构？
在电影制作中，关键负责照明。
特雷西（Tracy）青年时期，对学校工作感到无聊，并在17岁时加入了美国海军。尽管他对学者不满，但最终还是成为威斯康星州Ripon学院的预科生。在那里，他试镜并在开幕剧中胜出，并发现表演更符合他的喜好而不是医学。 1922年，他去了纽约，并与他的朋友帕特·奥布赖恩（Pat O'Brien）在美国戏剧艺术学院就读。同年，两人在百老汇联合演出中首次亮相，在KarelČapek的RUR中扮演机器人的角色。在接下来的八年里，特雷西在百老汇短片中的重要角色和地区性股票公司的领导角色之间反弹，最终在当年脱颖而出在1930年百老汇大热的《最后一英里》中，他被当成死刑犯人杀手米尔斯（Killer Mears）的角色。随后，他出现在两个Vitaphone短片中，但是他对自己不满意，并对自己获得银幕明星的机会感到悲观。
Nevertheless, director John Ford hired Tracy to star in the 1930 feature film Up the River, which resulted in a five-year stay at Fox Studios in Hollywood. Although few of his Fox films were memorable—excepting perhaps Me and My Gal (1932), 20,000 Years in Sing Sing (1932), and The Power and the Glory (1933)—his tenure at the studio enabled him to develop his uncanny ability to act without ever appearing to be acting. His friend Humphrey Bogart once attempted to describe the elusive Tracy technique: “[You] don’t see the mechanism working, the wheels turning. He covers up. He never overacts or is hammy. He makes you believe what he is playing.” For his part, Tracy always denied that he had come up with any sort of magic formula. Whenever he was asked the secret of great acting, he usually snapped, “Learn your lines!”
In 1935 he was signed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, where he would do some of his best work, beginning with his harrowing performance as a lynch-mob survivor in Fritz Lang’s Fury (1936). He received his first of nine Oscar nominations for San Francisco (1936) and became the first actor to win two consecutive Academy Awards, for his performance as the Portuguese fisherman Manuel in Captains Courageous (1937) and for his role as the priest who founded the eponymous facility in Boys Town (1938). In the course of his two decades at MGM he settled gracefully into character leads, conveying everything from paternal bemusement in Father of the Bride (1950) to grim determination in Bad Day at Black Rock (1955). In later years his health was eroded by respiratory ailments and a lifelong struggle with alcoholism, but Tracy worked into the early 1960s, delivering exceptionally powerful performances in producer-director Stanley Kramer’s Inherit the Wind (1960) and Judgment at Nuremberg (1961).
Married since 1923 to former actress Louise Treadwell, Tracy lived apart from his wife throughout most of their marriage, though as a strict Roman Catholic he refused to consider divorce. From 1942 onward, he maintained a warm, intimate relationship with actress Katharine Hepburn. Tracy and Hepburn were also memorably teamed in nine films, including Woman of the Year (1942), Adam’s Rib (1949), Pat and Mike (1952), Desk Set (1957), and Kramer’s Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner (1967), which was completed three weeks before Tracy’s death.
