欧内斯特·奥兰多·劳伦斯（Ernest Orlando Lawrence），（出生于1901年8月8日，美国南达科他州坎顿，去世，1958年8月27日在加利福尼亚州帕洛阿尔托去世），因发明回旋加速器而获得1939年诺贝尔物理学奖，这是他的第一个粒子加速器以实现高能量。
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美国著名面孔：事实还是虚构？
克拉伦斯·达罗（Clarence Darrow）是一位著名的19世纪检察官。
劳伦斯获得博士学位。他于1925年在耶鲁大学任教。他是耶鲁大学的物理学助理教授（1927–28年），以副教授的身份去了加州大学伯克利分校，并于1930年成为那里的正式教授。
劳伦斯（Lawrence）于1929年首次提出了回旋加速器的构想。他的一名学生M. Stanley Livingston承担了该项目，并成功制造了一种将氢离子（质子）加速至13,000电子伏特（eV）能量的装置。劳伦斯随后着手建造第二个回旋加速器。完成后，它将质子加速到1,200,000 eV，足够的能量引起核分裂。为了继续该计划，劳伦斯于1931年在伯克利建立了辐射实验室，并被任命为主任。
One of Lawrence’s cyclotrons produced technetium, the first element that does not occur in nature to be made artificially. His basic design was utilized in developing other particle accelerators, which have been largely responsible for the great advances made in the field of particle physics. With the cyclotron, he produced radioactive phosphorus and other isotopes for medical use, including radioactive iodine for the first therapeutic treatment of hyperthyroidism. In addition, he instituted the use of neutron beams in treating cancer.
During World War II he worked with the Manhattan Project as a program chief in charge of the development of the electromagnetic process of separating uranium-235 for the atomic bomb. In 1957 he received the Enrico Fermi Award from the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. Besides his work in nuclear physics, Lawrence invented and patented a colour-television picture tube. In his honour were named the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory at Livermore, California; and element 103, lawrencium.
